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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク GPCR oligomer ： ウィキペディア英語版 GPCR oligomer A GPCR oligomer is a complex of a small number of G protein-coupled receptors, which is held together by covalent bonds or by intermolecular forces. Receptors within this complex are called protomers, while unconnected receptors are called monomers. Receptor homomers consist of identical, heteromers of different protomers. The existence of receptor oligomers is a general phenomenon, whose discovery has superseded the prevailing paradigmatic concept of the function of receptors as plain monomers, and has far-reaching implications for the understanding of neurobiological diseases as well as for the development of drugs. == Discovery == For a long time it was assumed that receptors transmitted their effects exclusively from their basic functional forms – as monomers. The first clue to the existence of GPCR oligomers goes back to 1975 when Robert Lefkowitz observed that β-adrenoceptors display negative binding cooperativity. At the beginning of the 1980s, it was hypothesized, receptors could form larger complexes, the so-called mosaic form, where two receptors may interact directly with each other. Mass determination of β-adrenoceptors (1982) and muscarinic receptors (1983), supported the existence of homodimer or tetrameric complexes. In 1991, the phenomenon of receptor crosstalk was observed between adenosine A2A (A2A) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) thus suggesting the formation of heteromers. While initially thought to be a heterodimer, a 2015 review indicated that the A2A-DRD2 complex is a heterotetramer composed of A2A and DRD2 homodimers (i.e., a complex of 4 GPCRs composed of 2 adenosine A2A receptors and 2 dopamine D2 receptors). Maggio and co-workers showed in 1993 the ability of the muscarinic M3 receptor and α2C-adrenoceptor to heterodimerize. In 2005, evidence was provided that receptor oligomizeration plays functional role in a living organism. The crystal structure of CXCR4 dimer was published in 2010. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「GPCR oligomer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.